EMPIRES OF THE SEA(ISBN=9780812977646) 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子版 mobi 在线

In 1521, Suleiman the Magnificent, Muslim ruler of the Ottoman

Empire, dispatched an invasion fleet to the Christian island of

Rhodes. This would prove to be the opening shot in an epic clash

between rival empires and faiths for control of the Mediterranean

and the center of the world. In Empires of the Sea, acclaimed

historian Roger Crowley has written a thrilling account of this

brutal decades-long battle between Christendom and Islam for the

soul of Europe, a fast-paced tale of spiraling intensity that

ranges from Istanbul to the Gates of Gibraltar. Crowley conjures up

a wild cast of pirates, crusaders, and religious warriors

struggling for supremacy and survival in a tale of slavery and

galley warfare, desperate bravery and utter brutality. Empires of

the Sea is a story of extraordinary color and incident, and

provides a crucial context for our own clash of

civilizations.

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Roger Crowley was born in 1951 and spent part of his childhood

in Malta. He read English at Cambridge University and taught

English in Istanbul, where he developed a strong interest in the

history of Turkey. He has traveled widely throughout the

Mediterranean basin over many years and has a wide-ranging

knowledge of its history and culture. He lives in Gloucestershire,

England. He is also the author of 1453: The Holy War for

Constantinople and the Clash of Islam and the West.

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土耳其人希望能够把当地居民争取到自己这边的幻想也很快破灭了，马耳他人偷袭敌人，并对其加以羞辱，他们杀死了一个土耳其人，在附近找到一只猪，将其屠宰，把死人放置在一个合适地点，将猪嘴塞进他的嘴甲，然后躲在堵墙后其他穆斯林看到尸体时，恐惧而愤怒地冲上前去，想将战友从这死后的凌辱中解脱出来，却被伏击者全部击毙。

苏莱曼登基时没有屠杀自己的兄弟，因为他是唯一的男性继承人。他的父亲塞利姆一世很可能在六年前就已经将其他儿子处死，以断绝政变的后患。二十六岁登基的苏莱曼得到的是一份独一无二的遗产。他接手的是一个强大、统一而掌控着无与伦比资源的大帝国。对虔诚的穆斯林们来说，苏莱曼将给他们带来好运。他的父亲在给他取名时打开了一本《古兰经》，随机选择了一个词，就挑中了“所罗门”（也就是土耳其语中的“苏莱曼”），这预示着他将成为一位像古以色列贤君所罗门那样以智慧和公正著称的伟大帝王。在这个迷信预兆的年代，苏莱曼登基时的每一个细节都被认为具有预言意义。苏莱曼是奥斯曼帝国的第十位苏丹，而且出生于穆斯林纪年法第十世纪的第十年。“十”是完美的数字。《古兰经》分为十个部分，先知穆罕默德有十个门徒，《摩西五经》中有十诫，伊斯兰占星学里的天界分为十层。他登上世界舞台的时机正是帝国命运的关键时刻。

幸存的穆斯林无比英勇地死战到底。有的时刻充满了诡异的喜剧性。有些土耳其战船拒绝投降，投射武器用完后就捡起柠檬和桔子，将它们投向敌人。狄多记载道：“基督徒们出于鄙夷和嘲弄，将这些水果扔了回去。这种互相投水果的战斗似乎在战役快结束时在很多地方都发生了，让大家捧腹大笑”

遭到攻击的基督徒船只上发生了一些大无畏的壮举，几乎到了鲁莽的程度。年轻的帕尔马亲王独自一人登上了一艘奥斯曼桨帆船，把敌人船员一直打到主桅处，并且在战斗中活了下来，把自己的经历告诉大家。在遭到攻击的“圣乔治”号上，因为发高烧而躺在舱内的西班牙军士马丁·穆尼奥斯听到自己头顶上敌人的奔跑声，立刻从病床上跳起，下定了必死的决心。他手执利剑扑向敌人，杀死4人，将其他敌人打退，最后倒在了一条插满羽箭的划桨长凳上。他一条腿已经被砍断，还呼唤战友“诸君都要这般努力”。

伊斯兰教和基督教争夺世界中心的战争不是以罗得岛战役发端，也不是以勒班陀战役结束的，但在1520-1580年，宗教热忱和帝国霸业合二为一，使得这场战争达到了可怕的强度，战争的形式也是人类历史上两个迥然不同时期的巅峰。……这一时期，查理五世和苏莱曼都相信他们在角逐全球的统治权。勒班陀战役及其后续事件却表明，即便取得了压倒性胜利，地中海也不值得去争斗了。用桨帆船无法轻松地赢得被密集陆地包围的地中海，不管可用的资源是多么取之不尽。双方都参加了一场极其昂贵的军备竞赛，但最终的奖品却难以撷取。

1580年之后的岁月里，伊斯兰教和基督教世界在地中海脱离了战斗，前者转向内部事务，后者则开始向外探索。力量开始远离地中海。

官僚机构过于集权化、坚信君权神授的土耳其人和哈布斯堡家族都无法理解这一点。从伦敦和阿姆斯特丹出发的新教徒水手们在积极进取的中产阶级资助下乘坐坚固的帆船，开始从新大陆获取财富。桨帆船称霸的地中海变成了一潭死水，被新的帝国霸业绕过。地图绘制师皮里雷斯的生与死象征着奥斯曼帝国彻底丧失了转向外界和探索世界的机遇。

编辑推荐

“[Crowley] offers exquisitely delicate insights and undulating

de*ive passages. Yet in his de*ions of the battles, his

prose is so taut and tense, it is impossible not to be caught up in

the harrowing action.”—Christian Science Monitor

“A masterly narrative that captures the religious fervor, brutality

and mayhem of this intensive contest.”—Kirkus Reviews,

starred review

“Gripping . . . This is a rare combination of a history book that

reads with the detail, insight and pace of a novel.”—Tampa

Tribune

“Crowley has an astonishing gift for narration; his

account is as exciting as any thriller.”—Wall Street

Journal

“Crowley’s page-turner history . . . deserves to be this [season’s]

most recommended nonfiction book. . . . Rich in character, action,

surprise, what transpired in those few desperate weeks is one of

history’s best and most thrilling stories.”—Dallas Morning

News

书籍介绍

In 1521, Suleiman the Magnificent, Muslim ruler of the Ottoman Empire, dispatched an invasion fleet to the Christian island of Rhodes. This would prove to be the opening shot in an epic clash between rival empires and faiths for control of the Mediterranean and the center of the world. In Empires of the Sea, acclaimed historian Roger Crowley has written a thrilling account of this brutal decades-long battle between Christendom and Islam for the soul of Europe, a fast-paced tale of spiraling intensity that ranges from Istanbul to the Gates of Gibraltar. Crowley conjures up a wild cast of pirates, crusaders, and religious warriors struggling for supremacy and survival in a tale of slavery and galley warfare, desperate bravery and utter brutality. Empires of the Sea is a story of extraordinary color and incident, and provides a crucial context for our own clash of civilizations.